Human Growth hormone receptor(GHR)

The growth hormone receptor (GHR) is a transmembrane protein that plays a key role in the signaling of growth hormone. It is a member of the Type I cytokine receptor family and exists in two forms: a full-length, membrane-bound receptor and a soluble protein called GH binding protein (GHBP). GHR contains two fibronectin type III β domains in its extracellular domain and has tyrosine kinase JAK2 binding sites in its intracellular domain. JAK2 is responsible for transmitting growth hormone signals to the cell. GHR plays a vital role in various physiological processes, including growth and development, metabolism, and immune function.

The growth hormone receptor (GHR) is a protein that is involved in various biological processes such as embryonic development, cell growth, morphogenesis, tissue repair, tumor growth, and invasion. It belongs to the class I cytokine receptor family and is a homodimeric receptor that is activated by growth hormone (GH).

GHR activates the Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) enzyme, which subsequently phosphorylates multiple tyrosine residues on the intracellular domain of the receptor. This provides a scaffold for binding of STAT5a and STAT5b, which are then phosphorylated by JAK2.

GHR also activates STAT1 and STAT3 via JAK2, as well as other signaling pathways such as the Ras/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and PI 3-kinase/Akt pathways. The activation of these signaling pathways by GHR leads to a wide range of physiological processes that are regulated by GH in various cell types.